Indonesia in the Canopy Global 1000

Ranked of 1,000 by conservation value. Both rankings are shown: plant data is being added, and neither is the final word. Lower is higher priority.

Who manages protected areas

From Canopy’s country evidence record for Indonesia, compiled 2026-10-05 from the sources named under each item. A field marked not reported was not verified in those sources, which is not evidence that it does not exist.

Managing agency: Directorate General of Natural Resources and Ecosystem Conservation (Ditjen KSDAE), Ministry of Forestry (Direktorat Jenderal Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistem (KSDAE), Kementerian Kehutanan). Perpres 175/2024 (5 Nov 2024) created the Ministry of Forestry with Ditjen KSDAE among six directorates general; the KSDAE statistics book says KSDAE holds and manages the conservation forest estate (KSA and KPA) while KKP handles marine conservation areas.

System: Conservation forest areas (Kawasan Suaka Alam and Kawasan Pelestarian Alam).

Sources: Direktorat Jenderal KSDAE, Kementerian Kehutanan: Statistik Direktorat Jenderal KSDAE Tahun 2024, 2025; Meridian Hukum (mirror of JDIH Setneg metadata): Perpres 175/2024 tentang Kementerian Kehutanan (record, mirror of the official text), 2024-11-05; peraturan.bpk.go.id search result: Perpres 175/2024 summary (organisation incl. Ditjen KSDAE), 2024-11-05.

Legal framework

Law 32 of 2024 amending Law 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Living Natural Resources and Ecosystems (UU KSDAHE), 2024-08-07.

Administration: Central government (Ministry of Forestry for KSA/KPA; KKP for aquatic and coastal conservation areas per the KSDAE book) sets up and manages reserve and conservation areas, and the amendment adds procedures for conservation areas in waters, coasts and small islands. Finance: Abstract lists provisions on adequate and sustainable funding for conservation; article numbers not obtained. Limits on application: Activities that change the integrity of a nature reserve are banned, including reducing its area or function, burning, landscape change and introducing non-native species (Art. 19); business permits for activities in protection and conservation areas are covered.

Sources: UNEP LEAP / FAO FAOLEX: Law 32 of 2024 amending Law 5 of 1990 (FAOLEX abstract), 2024-08-07; Pasal.id: UU 32/2024 Pasal 19 (nature reserve integrity), 2024-08-07; Pasal.id: UU 32/2024 record, 2024-08-07.

Law 41 of 1999 on Forestry, 1999-09-30.

Administration: Government designates forest areas and sets forest function, including conservation forest; function and use changes follow integrated research, and strategic large-impact changes need parliament approval (Art. 19). Finance: not reported. Limits on application: Customary communities that still exist and are recognised may gather forest products, manage forest under customary law and receive empowerment (Art. 67).

Statute summary paraphrased from the cited text; a missing finance entry means no finance provision was verified, not that none exists. Sources: Pasal.id: UU 41/1999 on Forestry (record), 1999-09-30; Pasal.id: UU 41/1999 Pasal 19 (change of forest function), 1999-09-30; Pasal.id: UU 41/1999 Pasal 67 (customary communities), 1999-09-30.

Presidential Regulation 175 of 2024 on the Ministry of Forestry, 2024-11-05.

Administration: Creates the Ministry of Forestry with a Secretariat General, six directorates general including KSDAE, an inspectorate general, an extension agency and four expert staff; revokes Perpres 92/2020. Finance: not reported. Limits on application: Organisational instrument only, sets no land-use limits.

Statute summary paraphrased from the cited text; a missing finance entry means no finance provision was verified, not that none exists. Sources: Meridian Hukum (mirror of JDIH Setneg metadata): Perpres 175/2024 tentang Kementerian Kehutanan (record, mirror of the official text), 2024-11-05; peraturan.bpk.go.id search result: Perpres 175/2024 summary (organisation incl. Ditjen KSDAE), 2024-11-05.

Protected-area coverage

Terrestrial: not reported. No national terrestrial-only percentage found: the KSDAE total mixes terrestrial and aquatic parts and the split was not obtained. The only sourced share is that forest estate covers 63 percent of land, which is not protected-area coverage.

Source: Direktorat Jenderal KSDAE, Kementerian Kehutanan: Statistik Direktorat Jenderal KSDAE Tahun 2024, 2025.

Marine: 9% of national marine area as used by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), its area not stated by the source; as of 2025-07.

KKP figures relayed by Mongabay Indonesia (July 2025): 29.9 million ha of marine conservation areas, stated as 9 percent. The denominator area is not published with the figure. Includes areas managed by KKP and provinces, so it is wider than the KSDAE inventory. Source: Mongabay Indonesia: How to push marine conservation areas while results are minimal, 2025-07-22.

National inventory, as of 2024-12: 573 protected areas, 26,885,742.87 ha.

Conservation areas (terrestrial and aquatic parts) managed by Ditjen KSDAE per SK.117/KSDAE/SETKSDAE/KSA.0/6/2024. Excludes marine conservation areas set up by KKP.

Source: Direktorat Jenderal KSDAE, Kementerian Kehutanan: Statistik Direktorat Jenderal KSDAE Tahun 2024, 2025.

Funding mechanisms

Selected programmes, each with the basis its source states. Amounts are programme or fund totals, not annual protected-area receipts, and are not added together or converted between currencies.

TFCA Sumatra (first US-Indonesia Tropical Forest Conservation Act debt swap), 2009-06-30.

Amount: USD 30,000,000 (Nearly 30 million USD of Indonesian debt payments to the US reduced over eight years, per Treasury (approximate: 'nearly')). Administrator: not reported. Scope: Sumatra tropical forests; Treasury names CI and KEHATI as NGO parties, administrator role not stated in that release.

Source: US Department of the Treasury: Largest TFCA Debt-For-Nature Agreement Signed To Conserve Indonesia's Tropical Forests (TG-190), 2009-06-30.

TFCA Kalimantan (second TFCA swap), 2011-09-29.

Amount: USD 28,500,000 (Debt transferred to forest conservation grants, per search snippet). Administrator: KEHATI. Scope: Kalimantan forests.

Source: WWF Indonesia: TFCA grant distribution for forest conservation in Kalimantan.

Debt swap for coral reef conservation under TFCCA, 2024-07-03.

Amount: USD 35,000,000 (Reduction in Indonesia's debt payments to the US over nine years). Administrator: KEHATI. Scope: Coral reef ecosystems.

Source: US Department of the Treasury: The United States and Indonesia Sign $35 Million Debt Swap Agreement to Support Coral Reef Ecosystems, 2024-07-08.

GCF REDD+ results-based payments (FP130), 2020.

Amount: USD 103,800,000 (GCF payment for 2014 to 2016 emission reductions; the GCF page reports 103.8 million as part of 340.7 million disbursed of 499.8 million committed in total under Indonesia's results-based payments). Administrator: BPDLH (per search snippet), channelled via UNDP (per GCF). Scope: REDD+ results-based payment, forests and land use.

Sources: Green Climate Fund: GCF finance supports landmark climate action in Indonesia, 2025-10-24; Ministry of Finance Indonesia (NDA GCF): Indonesia GCF approves REDD+ results-based payment USD 103.8 million, 2020-08.

FCPF Carbon Fund ERPA, East Kalimantan, 2020.

Amount: USD 110,000,000 (Contracted maximum; 20.9 million paid Nov 2022 and 89.1 million Dec 2025 per FCPF snippet). Administrator: not reported. Scope: East Kalimantan emission reductions.

Sources: Forest Carbon Partnership Facility: Indonesia completes delivery of contracted emission reductions under FCPF, 2025-12; World Bank: Indonesia Receives First Payment for Reducing Emissions in East Kalimantan, 2022-11-08.

Norway results-based contribution, 2020.

Amount: USD 56,150,000 (First payment, for 11.23 MtCO2e from 2017 deforestation reduction; announced, disbursement tied to BPDLH readiness). Administrator: BPDLH. Scope: REDD+, deforestation reduction.

Sources: Setkab (search result): BPDLH established under Perpres 77/2018 as a BLU under the Ministry of Finance, 2019-10; Eco-Business (Mongabay): Indonesia set to receive US$56m payment from Norway for reducing deforestation, 2020-06-02.

What this record does not establish

Comparable C-RISK/readiness and delivery scores. No country calibration or model assessment authorized for Southeast Asia.

Current annual national PA financing need, agency budget and gap. No validated cost rate, executed agency budget or complete current funding inventory was verified; programme totals cannot fill these fields.

Complete park, carbon and legal-event inventories. Selected national documents do not establish complete inventories, status-change (PADDD) histories or park observations.

Research limit. Terrestrial coverage percentage and the land/water split of the KSDAE estate are not established; fiscal balance and debt rows were not reached (IMF table blocked).

Research limit. Perpres 175/2024 article text and Law 5/1990 enactment date were read only via mirrors or not at all; Pasal.id article wording is OCR-derived.

Not here yet

Canopy’s country readiness score (C-RISK) and its PACE management scores cover Africa today. They have not been published for Indonesia.

Corrections

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